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Global jet kerosene production in 2025 is estimated at roughly 320 to 350 million tonnes per year. This volume reflects a fuel segment closely tied to aviation demand recovery, refinery middle-distillate optimisation and broader crude market dynamics. The balance between commercial aviation, cargo operations and defence requirements remains regionally specific, but the global picture shows steady year-on-year strengthening in line with expanding flight networks and improving refinery utilisation.
Production leadership remains concentrated in large refining regions where hydroprocessing and middle-distillate optimisation support consistent jet fuel output. Asia Pacific continues to expand both production and consumption as aviation networks deepen and regional carriers scale capacity. North America anchors output through integrated refining systems linked to major hubs and freight aviation corridors. Europe sustains regulated-grade jet kerosene aligned with emission frameworks, blending mandates and stringent product quality protocols. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa rely on both local refining and imported supply through regional storage hubs and aviation fuel distributors.
On the supply side, crude slate flexibility, hydrotreating capacity and distillate yield strategies remain critical differentiators. Markets with robust refinery capability maintain more predictable jet output, while import-dependent regions face volatility driven by freight constraints, specification requirements and supply chain bottlenecks. Jet kerosene demand continues to expand structurally with air travel growth, cargo movement and global tourism recovery.
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Standard jet fuel grades lead global volume because commercial aviation networks require consistent performance, controlled volatility and global interchangeability. Buyers value strict specification conformity, fuel cleanliness, and stable thermal/operational performance.
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Conventional distillate-based production remains the leading route because it integrates seamlessly with refinery operations and offers predictable product consistency. Buyers benefit from stable output, tight specification control and coordinated airport-fueling infrastructure.
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Commercial aviation remains the largest end use because global passenger networks require sustained, reliable fuel availability. Buyers prioritise quality consistency, supply security and predictable performance under varied climatic conditions.
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North America maintains strong jet fuel production capability tied to integrated refining hubs and dense aviation networks. Exports and pipeline systems support major airports. Distributors manage quality control, storage and uplift coordination.
Europe sustains regulated-grade jet kerosene supported by stringent emission and quality frameworks. Imports supplement domestic refinery supply. Buyers emphasise traceability, SAF blending compliance and supply chain assurance.
Asia Pacific leads global demand growth due to expanding airline fleets, rising tourism and cargo capacity. Refinery expansions and regional trading hubs support availability across emerging aviation corridors.
Latin America relies on a mix of domestic refining and imported jet fuel, routed through port storage and airport distribution networks. Regional carriers depend heavily on stable landed cost and predictable shipment schedules.
Demand is shaped by long-haul transit hubs, defence procurement and regional carrier operations. Supply is supported by large refining complexes in the Middle East and multi-origin imports into African markets.
Key Questions Answered
Jet kerosene supply begins with crude sourcing, distillation, hydrotreating and specification finishing, followed by transportation to airport storage terminals and into airline distribution systems. Pipeline, coastal, and truck-based logistics connect refineries to major aviation hubs.
Feedstock (crude) cost remains the dominant variable due to its direct influence on middle-distillate economics. Hydrotreating energy, storage, additive management and transport add additional cost layers. Freight constraints, particularly around major airports or coastal supply points, shape landed cost variability.
Feedstock dynamics lead cost formation because crude quality, distillate yields and refinery margins directly influence output economics. Buyers align procurement strategies with oil market cycles, distillate spreads and regional logistics constraints.
Key Questions Answered
The ecosystem includes crude suppliers, refineries, hydrotreating units, storage terminal operators, airport fueling providers, aviation authorities, fuel testing labs and aircraft operators. Asia Pacific and North America shape global influence due to refinery scale and aviation density. Europe focuses on regulated fuel frameworks and SAF integration, while other regions rely on import-led models.
Equipment suppliers support advanced hydrotreaters, contamination-control systems, and environmental monitoring infrastructure. Distributors operate storage, pipeline networks, hydrant systems, fueling trucks and documentation processes needed for airport-specific requirements.
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Jet Kerosene Global Production Capacity and Growth Outlook
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